Campaign builder
Rehearse a campaign before you send it
Preview tests check layout and seed lists check placement. Neither tells you how a subscriber would read your draft. A rehearsal with simulated subscribers is a cheap way to find out, as long as you treat it as a prediction.
Mailnaptic team
Published 13 October 2026
Last reviewed 2 October 2026
9 min read
Rehearse with subscriber digital twins
Rehearsal, example data
Predicted opens
50%
range 24 to 76%
Predicted clicks
20%
range 6 to 51%
Predicted unsubs
10%
range 2 to 40%
Friction line, 4 mentions
Our autumn update: shipping, sizing and a new returns policy
Suggested fix: lead the subject with the one change readers care about
Every pre-send check you probably run answers a question about the email, not about the reader. Does the layout hold in Outlook? Do the links work? Does the message land in the inbox? All useful, and none of them tell you that your subject line reads like a list of chores.
That gap is what a rehearsal is for. In Mailnaptic it is called Rehearse with subscriber digital twins, it sits in the campaign builder, and it is available on the Pro and Business plans. It is labelled Beta in the app, and we will be plain about what that means further down. This post explains what the feature does, how to read the output, and where it should not be trusted.
The short version
A rehearsal runs your draft past a small sample of simulated versions of real contacts in the audience you picked. You get predicted open, click and unsubscribe rates with ranges, the lines that caused friction, and a reaction from each twin. No email is sent.
What your existing checks cover
Most teams stack several checks before a send. Each one is good at one thing, and the trouble starts when we ask it for another. The table below is the version we wish someone had shown us earlier.
Four pre-send checks, four different questions
Check
What it answers
What it cannot tell you
Preview or rendering test
Does the layout break in a given client or device?
Whether anyone would want to read it
Test send to yourself
Does it arrive, do links and merge tags work?
How a different person reads it
Seed list
Roughly where mail lands at each mailbox provider
How real subscribers behave or feel
Rehearsal with twins
Which lines draw reads, clicks or unsubscribes, per kind of subscriber
What will actually happen on send day
A comparison of what each check can and cannot answer. Descriptions of rendering tests and seed lists are based on the vendor and industry pages listed under Sources.
Rendering tools such as Litmus show you screenshots of how your email displays across many clients, which is why they catch broken tables and clipped buttons. Seed lists are test addresses at Gmail, Yahoo, Microsoft and others, and Twilio's own guidance on them is blunt: seed accounts do not behave like real humans, they have no engagement history, and results can produce both false alarms and false comfort. They are a directional signal for placement. If placement is what you worry about, start with our guide to the real Gmail and Yahoo sender thresholds instead.
A rehearsal does not replace any of these. It covers the one question they leave open: would this particular audience want to read this particular draft?
What a rehearsal simulates
When you press Run rehearsal, the builder sends the subject, preheader, rendered body HTML, from name and your selected lists and segments to the rehearsal service. It then simulates a sample of representative subscribers drawn from that audience, which is why you should set the audience before you rehearse. A rehearsal run against the wrong segment is a rehearsal of the wrong email.
Each twin reacts the way a person might. In the app the actions you will see are click, reply, read, skim, unsubscribe, and the quiet default of doing nothing. Twins can also point at a friction line (a phrase that put them off) and a hook line (a phrase that pulled them in). Those lines are the most useful output, because they are specific and you can edit them.
The numbers come from a baseline plus the twins. The app anchors the prediction to your audience's own history where it exists: a 180 day average open rate for that audience, or failing that your recent sent campaigns, or failing that industry averages. The twin votes then move the prediction up or down. Once you have rehearsals that were followed by real sends, the app reports that it has calibrated against them and shows how many.
Quick or Thorough, and why the sample is small
The Sample dropdown has two settings: Quick (10) and Thorough (25). A run takes roughly 10 to 20 seconds according to the loading message in the builder.
Ten is small. That is fine for a first pass, because you are hunting for friction, not estimating a rate. It also means the ranges are wide, and the app says so by showing a 95% confidence interval next to each figure. If you see "50% opens, range 24 to 76%", the honest reading is that the sample cannot distinguish a poor subject line from a great one. Use Quick while you are editing and Thorough once, on the version you intend to send.
Rehearsal results (the same layout you see in the campaign builder)
Predicted opens
50%
range 24 to 76%
Predicted clicks
20%
range 6 to 51%
Predicted unsubs
10%
range 2 to 40%
Per cohort
Cohort
Twins
Opens
Clicks
Unsubs
Engaged
4
4/4
2
0
Occasional
4
1/4
0
0
Lapsing
2
0/2
0
1
The subject buries the one change that affects most readers, and two twins skimmed past the returns paragraph.
SUGGESTED FIXES
Lead with the returns change
Rewrite the subject so the new 60 day returns window comes first.
Applies to: subject
Apply
Make the preheader add information
Use the preheader for sizing help instead of repeating the subject.
Applies to: preheader
Apply
TOP FRICTION
"shipping, sizing and a new returns policy": reads like a list of chores (4 mentions)
Example data, not a real audience. Layout and field names (Predicted opens, clicks and unsubs with ranges, Per cohort, Suggested fixes, Top friction) follow the rehearsal panel in the campaign builder.
How to read the result
Read it top to bottom, but spend your time at the bottom.
- The three rates and their ranges. Look at the range first. If the ranges for two drafts overlap, the drafts are not meaningfully different on these numbers.
- The cohort table. It appears when the sample contains more than one cohort and shows twins, opens, clicks and unsubscribes for each. If your engaged cohort clicks and your lapsing cohort unsubscribes, that is a segmentation question as much as a copy question. Our post on fifteen segments you can build from one sentence shows how to split such an audience.
- The headline. A one sentence verdict on the draft.
- Top friction. Phrases with a reason and a count of mentions. A phrase mentioned by several twins is a lead. A phrase mentioned once is an opinion.
- The surprising reaction. When the rehearsal finds an unexpected response, it is shown in a highlighted box with the cohort that said it. Read it, then decide if it is a real insight or noise.
Then open the individual reactions. They are the closest thing to a read-aloud test with your readers.
Twin 1, engaged
click
"Free returns for 60 days, that is what stopped me ordering last time."
Hook: "60 days to return anything"
Twin 4, engaged
read
"Read it all, no need to click, I knew the sizing already."
Twin 6, occasional
skim
"Three topics in one subject, I could not tell which one was for me."
Friction: "shipping, sizing and a new returns policy"
Twin 9, lapsing
unsubscribe
"Another policy email. I have not bought in months."
Friction: "Our autumn update"
Twin 3, occasional
ignore
"Did not open it."
Twin 8, engaged
reply
"Does the 60 days apply to sale items too?"
Hook: "a new returns policy"
Example reactions written by us to show the card format (name, action badge, quote, friction and hook lines). They are not output from a real audience.
Opens are the weakest number here
Raw open rates have been inflated since Apple Mail Privacy Protection began prefetching images without the recipient reading anything. Bird's documentation recommends treating opens as a soft signal and relying on clicks, replies and conversions. Take the same attitude to the predicted open rate: use it to compare drafts, not as a target to hit.
Apply the fixes, then run it again
Under Suggested fixes each item has a title, an instruction, an "Applies to" target (subject, preheader or body) and an Apply button.
What Apply does depends on the target, and the difference matters. For a subject or preheader, the app asks the AI rewrite service to rewrite your current text following the instruction and puts the result straight into that field. Check the new text before you move on, because it replaces what was there. For a body fix, the app does not edit your blocks. It generates a rewritten version and tells you to use the block level AI rewrite in the builder, so body fixes are still manual work.
After changing anything, run the rehearsal again. If you do not change anything, the app shows the cached result from the last identical rehearsal and tells you to edit the subject or body to re-simulate. That is sensible, but it means pressing the button twice will not give you a second opinion.
Before the fix
Subject
Our autumn update: shipping, sizing and a new returns policy
Preheader
Read about the changes to our store
Rehearsal, 10 twins
50% opens, 1 unsubscribe, 3 skims
After applying two fixes, then re-running
Subject
Returns are now free for 60 days
Preheader
Plus a two minute guide to sizing, if you are between sizes
Rehearsal, 10 twins
70% opens, 0 unsubscribes, 1 skim
Example data, written by us to illustrate the workflow. The before and after numbers are invented for the example and are not a result any real send produced.
A habit we would suggest: change one thing per fix. If you apply a subject fix, a preheader fix and a rewrite of the first paragraph in one go, you will not know which of them helped. The two lines that work as a pair deserve their own care, which we cover in subject lines and preheaders as a pair.
Comparing two versions
If the campaign has A/B testing switched on, a Compare A/B checkbox appears next to the sample selector. Tick it and the rehearsal runs variant B (its subject, preheader and content) alongside variant A, and a switcher at the top of the results lets you flip between the two, each with its own rates, ranges, fixes and reactions. A/B testing itself, including content variants, is available on Growth and above.
Compare A/B (example data)
Variant A: 50% opens
Variant B: 60% opens
Measure
Variant A
Variant B
Subject
Our autumn update
Returns are now free for 60 days
Predicted opens
50%
60%
Predicted unsubs
10%
0%
Range on opens
24 to 76%
31 to 83%
Ranges overlap heavily at 10 twins. Treat this as a hint about which variant to look at harder, not a verdict.
Example data. The switcher and the per-variant figures follow the app; the numbers are invented.
Used well, this is the cheapest way to prune a test before it costs you real subscribers: rehearse both, drop the one that draws unsubscribes, and spend the live test on two candidates you actually believe in. For the live part, read email A/B testing without fooling yourself, because a rehearsal does not remove the need for sample sizes and patience.
What a rehearsal cannot do
This is the section to remember. Digital twins are not people and they have never read your emails before. The feature page says so, and so does the Beta note in the app: ranges are confidence intervals for a small sample, and accuracy depends on how much history your account has.
- It predicts, it does not know. A twin that says it would click is a model output. It is evidence about your copy, not a measurement of your subscribers.
- It cannot see deliverability. A rehearsal does not check authentication, reputation or inbox placement. A perfect rehearsal followed by a spam folder is still a failed send.
- It cannot see rendering. A twin reacts to the content, not to a broken layout in an old Outlook.
- It is only as good as the audience you pick. The sample comes from the lists or segments in the builder.
- New accounts have thinner baselines. With no prior sends the app falls back to industry averages scaled by twin votes, and says accuracy improves after your first few campaigns.
- It does not replace judgment. If the twins like a line that is misleading or off brand, they are not wrong about their reaction. You are still the editor.
A good test of whether you are using it right: if a rehearsal result would change what you write, it was useful. If you are using it to feel safe about sending something you already doubted, it was not.
Where it fits in your pre-send routine
Rehearse after the draft is written and the audience is chosen, and before the final review. It is one step in a longer list, and the rest of that list is in nine things to check before you send a campaign. If an AI wrote the first draft, read what AI email writing gets wrong before you apply any suggested fix, since the fixes are AI rewrites too.
A rehearsal routine
Write the draft
Subject, preheader, body, from name
Pick the audience
The lists or segments you will really send to
Run a Quick (10) rehearsal
About 10 to 20 seconds
Read friction lines and reactions
Look for repeats, ignore single oddities
Apply or hand-edit fixes, re-run
Cached if nothing changed, so edit first
Run a Thorough (25) rehearsal on the final
Then send, or schedule
A routine, not a feature diagram. Step names such as Quick (10) and Thorough (25) match the sample options in the builder.
If you are still building the rest of your program, the overall sequence is in our 30 day plan for a small business, and rehearsal fits in the week you write your first campaigns.
Privacy and sample data
Rehearsal sends your draft content and audience selection to the rehearsal service inside Mailnaptic. No email goes to your subscribers.
Try a rehearsal on your next draft
Digital twins are in the campaign builder on Pro and Business. Open a draft, pick the audience, choose Quick (10) and read the friction lines before you decide what to change.
Keep reading
Email A/B testing without fooling yourself
Rehearse two variants first, then run the live test with sensible sample sizes.
Read article
Nine things to check before you send a campaign
The full pre-send list that a rehearsal is one item on.
Read article
AI email writing: what it gets wrong and how to review it
Suggested fixes are AI rewrites, so review them with the same care.
Read article
Subject lines and preheaders as a pair
The two lines a rehearsal most often suggests changing.
Read article
Gmail and Yahoo sender requirements, with the real thresholds
What a rehearsal cannot see: the placement side of the send.
Read article
Fifteen segments you can build from one sentence
Pick the right audience before you rehearse against it.
Read article
Email marketing for a small business: a 30 day plan
Where rehearsal fits in the first month of a program.
Read article
Sources
- Mailnaptic: subscriber digital twins: Feature page: Pro and Business, beta, 10 or 25 contacts sampled, baseline sources, no emails sent.
- Mailnaptic app source, CampaignBuilder.vue (runRehearsal, applyRehearsalFix): Payload sent, sample options, A/B compare, how fixes are applied, calibration and fallback messages.
- Twilio SendGrid: how to use email seed list testing effectively: What seed lists test and why seed accounts do not behave like real subscribers.
- Adobe Experience League: test email rendering with Litmus: Rendering tests check how an email displays across clients.
- Bird: Apple Mail Privacy and open tracking: Prefetched opens inflate counts; clicks, replies and conversions are firmer signals.